Vaginal candidiasis

November 2005     View PDF     En español

Cause

Vaginal candidiasis is caused by the fungus called Candida. Everyone has small quantities of the fungus in the mouth, vagina, digestive tract and skin. In healthy persons, “friendly” bacteria and the immune system prevent the fungus from causing infection. However, if you have a damaged or weakened immune system, it’s easier for Candida to grow and cause disease.

Certain drugs can alter the natural organisms in the vagina, which can then promote the growth of Candida. These include the extended use of antibiotics, steroids and oral contraceptives (birth control) with a high estrogen content. Other factors that may cause candidiasis include: diabetes, pregnancy, using antihistamines (drugs commonly used to prevent allergies and rash) and iron, folate, vitamin B12 or zinc deficiency. Factors that may weaken the immune system—from cancer chemotherapy to stress and depression—can also cause candidiasis. Tight fitting pants and reactions to chemical ingredients found in soaps and detergents can lead to vaginal candidiasis as well.