| |
TYPE |
|
SYMPTOMS |
|
DIAGNOSIS |
|
TREATMENT |
|
PREVENTION |
| |
Oral (thrush),
affects mouth and throat; usually occurs at CD4+ cell counts
below 300 |
|
Discomfort, burning of mouth
and throat; changed sense of taste; creamy white or yellowish
patches on mouth or throat. |
|
By appearance and symptoms.
Lab tests are used if the infection does not clear after treatment.
|
|
Mouth rinses (nystatin,
Mycostatin). Lozenges (nystatin, Mycostatin; clotrimazole,
Mycelex). Capsules (fluconazole, Diflucan 100mg/day or itraconazole,
Sporanox 200mg/day) |
|
Maintain good oral/dental
hygiene. Avoid smoking and excess sugar.
Weekly fluconazole.
|
| |
Vaginal
(vaginitis, yeast infection), affects vagina and/or vulva
|
|
Odorous, white-yellow, creamy
discharge with burning, swelling and itching. |
|
By appearance and symptoms.
Lab tests are used if the infection does not clear after treatment.
|
|
Vaginal creams or suppositories
(clotrimazole or miconazole). Fluconazole oral tablets. |
|
Avoid douching and scented
laundry soap, bleach and fabric softeners. Avoid washing
vaginal area with deodorant soaps.
Wear loose fitting clothing and cotton
underwear.
Weekly fluconazole.
|
| |
Esophageal,
affects the esophagus (feeding tube); usually occurs at CD4+
cell counts below 100 |
|
Chest pain, nausea and painful
swallowing.
Usually occurs with oral candidiasis.
|
|
Examination of oropharnyx;
endoscopy; culture and histology. |
|
Ketoconazole (Nizoral) 200
or 400mg/day or Fluconazole Diflucan) at 200mg once a day.
|
|
If more than one case has
occurred, fluconazole preventive therapy may be warranted,
particularly at low CD4+ cell counts. |
| |
Skin (usually affects skin in armpits,
groin and under breasts) |
|
Bright red, uneven eruption
in the folds of skin that may be coated with a white membrane;
mild burning feeling. |
|
By appearance and symptoms.
Lab tests are used if the infection does not clear after treatment.
|
|
Creams or ointments applied
2–4 times/day. Products include clotrimazole nystatin,
ketoconazole, miconazole, econazole and amphotericin B. |
|
Keep skin dry. |
| |
Systemic
(affects organs throughout the body) |
|
|
|
Can be difficult to diagnose. |
|
Amphotericin B (Fungizone)
orally or intravenously. |
|
|
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